The target villages of the SCALING project are primarily rural communities with agriculture-based livelihoods, but also include peri-urban villages with mixed agricultural and market-based economies. The communities are ethnically diverse, and face a number of barriers to achieve quality maternal and child health and nutrition. These include lack of access to health and nutrition information, inadequate quality of health services, engendered social restrictions and taboos, inadequate access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) infrastructure and the need for strengthened multi-sector nutrition governance. A specific target group for SCALING are the so-called 1,000-day households (HHs) covering the pregnancy and the first two years of the new born baby. This is recognised as a key period for the physical and mental development of the child in the long term....